NAIC 52132

Securities Brokerages

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

58companies1742–2000founding years53still active3no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Rathbone Brothers plc
Active · founded 1742 · United Kingdom
While Rathbone Brothers plc (Rathbones) dates its history to a 1742 founding as a Liverpool-based shipping business,…
FleetBoston Financial Corporation
Defunct · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
Citigroup Inc.
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
The Bank of Nova Scotia
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
H.M. Payson & Co.
Active · founded 1854
H.M.
Credit Suisse Group
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Dresdner Bank A.G.
Active · founded 1872 · Germany
The third largest bank in Germany and one of the leading international banks in Europe, Dresdner Bank A.G.
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Active · founded 1884 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Banco de Chile
Active · founded 1893 · Chile
Banco de Chile is the second largest private bank in Chile and the largest that remains under Chilean ownership.
Popular, Inc.
Active · founded 1893
Popular, Inc.
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M.
Renamed · founded 1902 · Israel
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M., Israel's second-largest bank, has its origins in the modern Zionist movement of the late…
Dain Rauscher Corporation
Active · founded 1909
Dain Rauscher Corporation, formerly known as Interra Financial and Inter-Regional Financial Group briefly before that,…
UBS AG
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Sanlam Ltd.
Active · founded 1918 · South Africa
Sanlam Ltd.
Edward D. Jones & Company L.P.
Active · founded 1922
Edward D.
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Company
Active · founded 1924
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Company, formed in 1997 through the merger of Morgan Stanley Group, Inc.
Spear, Leeds & Kellogg
Active · founded 1931
A subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Spear, Leeds & Kellogg (SLK) is a Jersey City-based company that offers…
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Active · founded 1932 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Renamed · founded 1939
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.
Active · founded 1943 · Japan
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.--formerly known as Daiwa Securities Co.
FMR Corp.
Active · founded 1946
Boston-based FMR Corp.
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.
Active · founded 1950
T.
First Albany Companies Inc.
Active · founded 1953
First Albany Companies Inc., acting through its subsidiaries, conducts a full-service investment banking and brokerage…
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
A.B. Watley Group Inc.
Active · founded 1958
A.B.
Commerzbank A.G.
Active · founded 1958 · Germany
Commerzbank A.G.
Malayan Banking Berhad
Active · founded 1960 · Malaysia
Malayan Banking Berhad is the holding company overseeing Malaysia's largest bank, Maybank and a range of financial…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
American Express Company
Active · founded 1965
American Express Company, a multibillion-dollar holding company whose subsidiaries provide travel and financial…
Ryan Beck & Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1965
Ryan Beck & Co., Inc.
A.G. Edwards, Inc.
Active · founded 1967
A.G.
American International Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1967
American International Group, Inc.
Instinet Corporation
Active · founded 1967
Instinet Corporation operates the largest of a number of privately owned electronic communications networks (ECNs) that…
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1969 · Australia
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Siebert Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1969
Siebert Financial Corp.
Hoenig Group Inc.
Active · founded 1970
Hoenig Group Inc., through its brokerage subsidiaries, provides global securities brokerage, marketing and distribution…
The Ziegler Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1971
The Ziegler Companies, Inc.
Synovus Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Ameritrade Holding Corporation
Active · founded 1975
Ameritrade Holding Corporation is a discount broker-dealer that operates through four subsidiaries: Ameritrade,…
Gabelli Asset Management Inc.
Active · founded 1976
Gabelli Asset Management Inc.
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
Active · founded 1976
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
Datek Online Holdings Corp.
Defunct · founded 1978
Datek Online Holdings Corp.
Forstmann Little & Co.
Active · founded 1978
Forstmann Little & Co.
National Discount Brokers Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1981
National Discount Brokers Group, Inc.
E*Trade Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1982
E*Trade Financial Corporation operates as a diversified financial services holding company.
Investcorp SA
Active · founded 1982 · Bahrain
Investcorp SA is a globally operating investment group with offices in Bahrain, London, and New York.
Banco Comercial Português, SA
Active · founded 1985 · Portugal
Banco Comercial Português, SA (BCP) is Portugal's largest financial institution.
Bear Stearns Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
Bear Stearns Companies, Inc., the holding company that owns Bear, Stearns & Company, Inc., was created on October 29,…
JB Oxford Holdings, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
JB Oxford Holdings, Inc.
Knight Trading Group, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1995
Based in Jersey City, New Jersey, Knight Trading Group, Inc.
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1996
Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc.
LaBranche & Co. Inc.
Active · founded 1999
LaBranche & Co.
Sanders Morris Harris Group Inc.
Active · founded 1999
Sanders Morris Harris Group Inc.
Aviva PLC
Active · founded 2000 · United Kingdom
The product of multiple mergers, Aviva PLC is the United Kingdom's largest insurance and financial services group and…
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
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