COMPANYHISTORIES
SIC 2611

Pulp Mills

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

29companies1852–1997founding years26still active3no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedPope & Talbot, Inc.
1852
FoundedPapeteries de Lancey
1869
FoundedConsolidated Papers, Inc.
1894
FoundedStora Enso Oyj
1896
FoundedWeyerhaeuser Company
1900
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
FoundedP.H. Glatfelter CompanyFoundedWillamette Industries, Inc.
1906
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
FoundedFederal Paper Board Company, Inc.
1916
FoundedEmpresas CMPC S.A.
1920
FoundedRayonier Inc.
1926
FoundedLongview Fibre Company
1927
FoundedMiquel y Costas Miquel S.A.
1929
FoundedEmpresas Copec S.A.
1934
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
FoundedSierra Pacific Industries
1951
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedInternational Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
1968
FoundedGrupo Industrial Durango, S.A. de C.V.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
FoundedFletcher Challenge Ltd.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
FoundedM-real Oyj
1986
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Pope & Talbot, Inc. →
Active · founded 1852
One of the oldest forest products companies in the United States, Pope & Talbot, Inc.
Papeteries de Lancey →
Active · founded 1869 · France
Papeteries de Lancey has entered a new era of its 120-year history.
UPM-Kymmene Corporation →
Active · founded 1872 · Finland
UPM-Kymmene Corporation is Finland's leading forestry company and Europe's largest papermaking concern.
Consolidated Papers, Inc. →
Active · founded 1894
Consolidated Papers, Inc., which was acquired by Finnish-Swedish paper giant Stora Enso Oyj in August 2000, is the…
Stora Enso Oyj →
Active · founded 1896 · Finland
1288: First documentary evidence of mining at the copper mountain near Falun, Sweden.
International Paper Company →
Active · founded 1898
International Paper Company (IP) is the world's largest producer of paper, packaging, and forest products.
Weyerhaeuser Company →
Active · founded 1900
Weyerhaeuser Company is the world's largest private owner of softwood timber and the world's largest producer of…
Potlatch Corporation →
Active · founded 1903
Potlatch Corporation--a mid-sized manufacturer of wood products, printing paper, and other pulp- and paper-based…
P.H. Glatfelter Company →
Active · founded 1906
P.H.
Willamette Industries, Inc. →
Defunct · founded 1906
Willamette Industries, Inc., headquartered in Portland, Oregon, is a medium-sized, diversified forest-products company.
The Siam Cement Public Company Limited →
Active · founded 1913 · Thailand
One of Thailand's largest companies, The Siam Cement Public Company Limited is a diversified conglomerate with…
Federal Paper Board Company, Inc. →
Active · founded 1916
Federal Paper Board Company, Inc., is a leading producer of recycled and bleached paperboard, which is used to make…
Empresas CMPC S.A. →
Active · founded 1920 · Chile
Empresas CMPC S.A.
Kimberly-Clark de México, S.A. de C.V. →
Active · founded 1925 · Mexico
Kimberly-Clark de México, S.A.
Rayonier Inc. →
Active · founded 1926
Rayonier Inc.
Georgia-Pacific Corporation →
Active · founded 1927
Georgia-Pacific Corporation is a leading manufacturer and distributor of paper-based consumer products, pulp, office…
Longview Fibre Company →
Active · founded 1927
Longview Fibre Company owns and operates a pulp and paper mill as well as 16 container and bag plants in 11 states.
Miquel y Costas Miquel S.A. →
Active · founded 1929 · Spain
Miquel y Costas Miquel S.A.(MCM) is a manufacturer of specialty papers and one of only four cigarette paper…
The Mead Corporation →
Active · founded 1930
The Mead Corporation is one of the world's largest manufacturers of paper (producing more than 1.7 million tons each…
Empresas Copec S.A. →
Active · founded 1934 · Chile
Empresas Copec S.A.
Sierra Pacific Industries →
Active · founded 1951
The largest timber company in California, Sierra Pacific Industries harvests and mills timber in northern California.
Norske Skogindustrier ASA →
Active · founded 1962 · Norway
Norske Skogindustrier ASA (the name literally means Norwegian Paper Industry) has repositioned itself at the beginning…
International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation →
Active · founded 1968
Once known primarily as a telecommunications company, the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT) has…
Aracruz Celulose S.A. →
Defunct · founded 1972 · Brazil
Brazil-based Aracruz Celulose S.A.
Grupo Industrial Durango, S.A. de C.V. →
Active · founded 1975 · Mexico
Grupo Industrial Durango, S.A.
Fletcher Challenge Ltd. →
Defunct · founded 1981 · New Zealand
Fletcher Challenge Ltd., New Zealand's largest group of companies, specializes in transforming resources into…
Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation →
Active · founded 1983
Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of paperboard and paper-based packaging…
M-real Oyj →
Active · founded 1986 · Finland
M-real Oyj--known as Metsä-Serla Oy until 2001--operates as a leading supplier of paper and paperboard and is Europe's…
Fort James Corporation →
Active · founded 1997
Fort James Corporation is one of the largest makers of tissues, napkins, and other paper products in the world.
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