NAIC 454110

Mail Order Houses

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

110companies1793–1999founding years106still active3no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Bonhams 1793 Ltd.
Active · founded 1793 · United Kingdom
Bonhams 1793 Ltd.
Bertelsmann AG
Active · founded 1835 · Germany
Bertelsmann AG is the largest media group in Germany and Europe, and the second-largest in the world to the U.S.-based…
GEHE AG
Active · founded 1835 · Germany
GEHE AG is the largest drug wholesaler in Europe.
Burberrys Ltd.
Active · founded 1856 · England
Burberrys Ltd.
The Orvis Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1856
Founded in 1856, The Orvis Company, Inc.
J.L. Hammett Company
Active · founded 1863
J.L.
W. Atlee Burpee & Co.
Active · founded 1876
W.
Spiegel, Inc.
Active · founded 1893
Spiegel, Inc.
Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Active · founded 1898
With over 150 years of history under its belt, Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc.
Marshall Field's
Defunct · founded 1901
Marshall Field's, a division of Target Corporation, is a major mid-market to upscale department store chain operating…
Nordstrom, Inc.
Active · founded 1901
Nordstrom, Inc.
Target Corporation
Active · founded 1902
Target Corporation is the fourth largest retailer in the United States, operating 1,556 stores in 47 states.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Active · founded 1906
With a network of more than 870 full-line department stores and 1,300 freestanding specialty stores in the United…
Wolverine World Wide, Inc.
Active · founded 1906
Late 1980s:Company begins making hiking and outdoor boots under both the Wolverine and the licensed Coleman brand.
Hartmarx Corporation
Active · founded 1911
Hartmarx Corporation is a holding company for a number of clothing companies, including its flagship brands of men's…
Arnoldo Mondadori Editore S.p.A.
Active · founded 1912 · Italy
Late 1980s:Battle for control of Mondadori begins between De Benedetti and Berlusconi.
Kmart Corporation
Active · founded 1912
Kmart Corporation, which entered 2002 as the second largest U.S.
J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1913 · www.jcpenney.com
With over 1,200 stores in all 50 states as well as Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Chile, J.C.
GUS plc
Active · founded 1917 · United Kingdom
GUS plc, formerly the Great Universal Stores plc, is one of the leading retailers in the United Kingdom and also is a…
Karstadt Quelle AG
Defunct · founded 1920 · Germany
Karstadt Quelle AG is the product of the 1999 merger between German retail powerhouse Karstadt Aktiengesellschaft and…
Takashimaya Company, Limited
Active · founded 1920 · Japan
Takashimaya Company, Limited is the oldest and one of the largest department store retailers in Japan.
CVS Corporation
Active · founded 1922
Although it trails arch-rival Walgreen Co.
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.
Active · founded 1922
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc.
Maidenform, Inc.
Active · founded 1925
Maidenform, Inc.
Book-of-the-Month Club, Inc.
Active · founded 1926
Book-of-the-Month Club, Inc.
Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited
Active · founded 1927 · Canada
Canadian Tire Corporation, Limited is one of the leading retailers in Canada.
Merck & Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1927
Merck & Co., Inc.
Boise Cascade Corporation
Active · founded 1931
Boise Cascade Corporation has grown from a small local lumber company into a major manufacturer of wood products,…
Stanhome Inc.
Active · founded 1931
A pioneer in the direct-sales industry, Stanhome Inc.
L.L. Bean, Inc.
Active · founded 1934
L.L.
Recreational Equipment, Inc.
Active · founded 1938
Recreational Equipment, Inc.
Coach, Inc.
Active · founded 1941
Late 1970s/Early 1980s:[fsps*7]Company begins a mail-order business and opens its first specialty stores.
Current, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
Current, Inc.
Hennes & Mauritz AB
Active · founded 1947 · Sweden
With more than 550 stores in 12 countries across Europe, Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) has quickly become one of the…
J. Crew Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1947
J.
Circuit City Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Circuit City Stores, Inc., is the nation's second largest retailer of consumer electronics, personal computers, and…
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
Norm Thompson Outfitters, Inc.
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.)
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
Lillian Vernon Corp.
Active · founded 1951
The Lillian Vernon Corporation is a mail-order catalog company specializing in household, gardening, and decorative…
Publishers Clearing House
Active · founded 1953
Publishers Clearing House (PCH) is one of the largest magazine subscription agencies in the United States.
School-Tech, Inc.
Active · founded 1953
School-Tech, Inc.
Findel plc
Active · founded 1955 · United Kingdom
Despite an attempt by Novara's management to take over the company through a management buyout, Novara's shareholders…
MNS, Ltd.
Active · founded 1955
MNS, Ltd.
Highsmith Inc.
Active · founded 1956
Situated on a rural campus in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, Highsmith Inc.
Payless ShoeSource, Inc.
Active · founded 1956
Payless ShoeSource, Inc.
Quill Corporation
Active · founded 1956
Quill Corporation is the largest and most successful direct marketer of office products in the United States.
Gander Mountain, Inc.
Active · founded 1960
Gander Mountain, Inc.
RadioShack Corporation
Active · founded 1960
RadioShack Corporation--known as Tandy Corporation from its founding in 1960 until mid-2000--is one of the largest…
Viking Office Products, Inc.
Active · founded 1960
Viking Office Products, Inc., is a leading mail order seller of office supplies to small- and medium-sized businesses.
Frederick's of Hollywood, Inc.
Active · founded 1962
Frederick's of Hollywood, Inc.
The TJX Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1962
The TJX Companies, Inc.
Leslie's Poolmart, Inc.
Active · founded 1963
The world's largest specialty retailer of swimming pool supplies, Leslie's Poolmart, Inc.
The Limited, Inc.
Active · founded 1963
The Limited, Inc.
Ronco, Inc.
Active · founded 1964
Best-known for its fast-paced, late-night commercials and pioneering informercials, Ronco Inc.
Cabela's Inc.
Active · founded 1965
Cabela's Inc.
Best Buy Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1966
Minnesota-based Best Buy Co., Inc.
Fay's Inc.
Active · founded 1966
Fay's Inc.
Manutan International S.A.
Active · founded 1966 · France
Manutan International S.A.
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
Active · founded 1968
Eddie Bauer, Inc.
CML Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1969
The CML Group, Inc.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1969
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Service Merchandise Company, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1970
Service Merchandise Company, Inc.
Pinault-Printemps-Redoute S.A.
Active · founded 1972 · France
Pinault-Printemps-Redoute S.A.
Brookstone, Inc.
Active · founded 1973
Brookstone, Inc.
Virgin Group
Active · founded 1973 · United Kingdom
Virgin Group is a diversified grouping of more than 200 privately held companies.
Seattle FilmWorks, Inc.
Active · founded 1976
Seattle FilmWorks, Inc.
Musicland Stores Corporation
Active · founded 1977
The leading specialty retailer in the United States of prerecorded music, movies, and audio and video accessories,…
Vitamin Shoppe Industries, Inc.
Active · founded 1977
Another part of the firm's strategy was saturation of the metropolitan markets it entered, which it had done in New…
Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Active · founded 1978
With an active customer base of 31 million people, Fingerhut Companies, Inc.
Toys "R" Us, Inc.
Renamed · founded 1978
Toys "R" Us, Inc.
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
Active · founded 1980
Restoration Hardware, Inc.
Trend-Lines, Inc.
Active · founded 1981
Trend-Lines, Inc.
CompuAdd Computer Corporation
Active · founded 1982
One of the world's leading direct marketers of computers and peripheral equipment, CompuAdd Computer Corporation…
HSN
Active · founded 1982
HSN, formerly known as Home Shopping Network, Inc., is the second-largest shop-at-home television network in the United…
PC Connection, Inc.
Active · founded 1982
PC Connection, Inc.
Sport Supply Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1982
The largest direct mail distributor of sports-related equipment in the United States, Sport Supply Group, Inc.
Zingerman's Community of Businesses
Active · founded 1982
Zingerman's Community of Businesses encompasses a delicatessen, a full-service restaurant, a catering service, a…
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Active · founded 1983
Hanna Andersson Corp.
Medco Containment Services Inc.
Active · founded 1983
Medco Containment Services Inc.
Coldwater Creek Inc.
Active · founded 1984
On its way to achieving incredible rates of growth in the 1990s, Coldwater Creek Inc.
Dell Inc.
Active · founded 1984
Long the world's largest direct-sale computer vendor, Dell Inc.
Staples, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
Staples, Inc.
Starbucks Corporation
Active · founded 1985
Starbucks Corporation is the leading roaster, retailer, and marketer of specialty coffee in North America.
American Girl, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
American Girl, Inc.
Corporate Express, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Corporate Express, Inc., wholly owned by the Dutch firm Buhrmann N.V.
Gateway, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Following its March 2004 acquisition of eMachines, Inc., Gateway, Inc.
Office Depot, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Office Depot, Inc.
Provell Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Provell Inc., formerly Damark International Inc., develops, markets, and manages membership and customer relationship…
Levenger Company
Active · founded 1987
A fast-growing, family-owned business, Levenger Company markets a unique array of goods via catalog, Internet, and…
The Bombay Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The Bombay Company, Inc.
The J. Jill Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The J.
The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The name Neiman Marcus is practically synonymous with upscale retailing in the United States.
Black Box Corporation
Active · founded 1988
Black Box Corporation is a leading direct marketer of computer communications and networking equipment.
Gaiam, Inc.
Active · founded 1988
Gaiam, Inc.
Insight Enterprises, Inc.
Active · founded 1988
Insight Enterprises, Inc.
Zones, Inc.
Active · founded 1988
Zones, Inc.
SkyMall, Inc.
Active · founded 1989
SkyMall, Inc.
Successories, Inc.
Active · founded 1990
Successories, Inc.
ValueVision International, Inc.
Active · founded 1990
ValueVision International, Inc.
Bluefly, Inc.
Active · founded 1991
Bluefly started off 2001 facing negative publicity, as Barron's Online ranked the firm as number two on its "Burn…
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Active · founded 1992
Concepts Direct, Inc.
Micro Warehouse, Inc.
Active · founded 1992
Micro Warehouse, Inc.
The L.L. Knickerbocker Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1993 · www.knickerbocker.com
L.L.
West Marine, Inc.
Active · founded 1993
West Marine, Inc., is the leading distributor of marine supplies to recreational boaters, and the largest and most…
Celebrate Express, Inc.
Active · founded 1994
Celebrate Express, Inc., sells children's party supplies, costumes, and clothing over the Internet and via mail-order…
Digital River, Inc.
Active · founded 1994
Digital River, Inc.
Travelocity.com, Inc.
Active · founded 1996
Travelocity.com, Inc.
800-JR Cigar, Inc.
Active · founded 1997
800-JR Cigar, Inc.
Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, L.L.C.
Active · founded 1997
Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, L.L.C.
Systemax, Inc.
Active · founded 1999
Systemax, Inc.
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