SIC 311

Department Stores

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

93companies1670–1996founding years82still active10no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1916
EconomyPiggly Wiggly opens the first self-service grocery store.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
EconomyThe first Walmart opens, built on everyday low prices.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1994
TechnologyE-commerce begins to disrupt retail.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Hudson's Bay Company
Active · founded 1670 · Canada
Canada's number one department store retailer, Hudson's Bay Company, is also Canada's oldest corporation.
Debenhams Plc
Active · founded 1778 · United Kingdom
Debenhams Plc is one of the United Kingdom's longest continuously operating clothing and goods retailers.
House of Fraser PLC
Active · founded 1849 · United Kingdom
House of Fraser PLC bills itself as the United Kingdom's leading retailer of designer brands--the department store…
Carson Pirie Scott & Company
Active · founded 1854
Carson Pirie Scott & Company is a regional department store chain, operating 51 stores in Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota,…
Allders plc
Defunct · founded 1862 · United Kingdom
England's fourth largest department store group, Allders plc, operates 40 department stores under the Allders…
Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution
Active · founded 1870
Organized in 1868, Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution (ZCMI) claims the distinction of being the first full-line…
Bloomingdale's Inc.
Active · founded 1872
Bloomingdale's Inc.
Kaufhof Warenhaus AG
Active · founded 1879 · Federal Republic of Germany
Kaufhof Warenhaus AG, the group of retailing and service companies formerly known as Kaufhof Holding AG, was born from…
Koninklijke Vendex KBB N.V. (Royal Vendex KBB N.V.)
Active · founded 1887 · Netherlands
Koninklijke Vendex KBB N.V., or Royal Vendex KBB N.V., is the leading non-food retailer in the Netherlands.
Harrods Holdings
Active · founded 1889 · United Kingdom
Harrods Holdings represents one of the most prestigious names in shopping history, operating the famed Harrods…
Montgomery Ward & Co., Incorporated
Defunct · founded 1889
Montgomery Ward & Co., Incorporated is a national retailer with more than 400 stores in 43 states.
The Bon Marché, Inc.
Active · founded 1890
A venerable department store operator for more than a century, The Bon Marché, Inc.
Belk, Inc.
Active · founded 1891
Belk, Inc., is the largest privately held department store chain in the United States.
Peebles Inc.
Active · founded 1891
With 65 stores in ten Mid-Atlantic states ranging from South Carolina to New York, Peebles Inc.
AVA AG (Allgemeine Handelsgesellschaft der Verbraucher AG)
Active · founded 1892 · Germany
Active throughout Germany and in the Netherlands, AVA AG (Allgemeine Handelsgesellschaft der Verbraucher AG) is one of…
Meier & Frank Co.
Active · founded 1893
One of the oldest retail chains in the Pacific Northwest, Meier & Frank Co.
Marks and Spencer p.l.c.
Active · founded 1894 · United Kingdom
Marks and Spencer p.l.c.
Marshall Field's
Defunct · founded 1901
Marshall Field's, a division of Target Corporation, is a major mid-market to upscale department store chain operating…
Maus Frères SA
Active · founded 1901 · Switzerland
Maus Frères SA is one of Switzerland's largest retail groups.
Maus Frères SA
Active · founded 1901 · Switzerland
Maus Frères SA is one of Switzerland's largest retail groups.
Nordstrom, Inc.
Active · founded 1901
Nordstrom, Inc.
Saks Holdings, Inc.
Active · founded 1902
The name "Saks" is known throughout the retail world, synonymous with luxurious haute couture.
Target Corporation
Active · founded 1902
Target Corporation is the fourth largest retailer in the United States, operating 1,556 stores in 47 states.
Gottschalks, Inc.
Active · founded 1904
Gottschalks, Inc.
Mitsukoshi Ltd.
Active · founded 1904 · Japan
As Japan's largest department store company, Mitsukoshi Ltd.
Younkers, Inc.
Active · founded 1904
Younkers, Inc.
Galeries Lafayette S.A.
Active · founded 1905 · France
Galeries Lafayette S.A.
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Active · founded 1906
With a network of more than 870 full-line department stores and 1,300 freestanding specialty stores in the United…
Hankyu Corporation
Active · founded 1907 · Japan
Hankyu Corporation is one of Japan's largest private railway operators.
Crowley, Milner & Company
Active · founded 1909
Crowley, Milner & Company is the owner and operator of ten different specialty department stores throughout the eastern…
Selfridges Plc
Active · founded 1909 · United Kingdom
One of the grand names in the history of the department store, Selfridges Plc has undergone a facelift in the late…
Matsuzakaya Company Ltd.
Active · founded 1910 · Japan
Matsuzakaya Company Ltd.
Boscov's Department Store, Inc.
Active · founded 1911
Boscov's Department Stores, Inc., operates one of the last remaining full-service department stores, featuring men's,…
The Elder-Beerman Stores Corp.
Active · founded 1911
Early 1940s:Arthur Beerman begins opening several neighborhood "Cotton Shops" in Dayton.
J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1913 · www.jcpenney.com
With over 1,200 stores in all 50 states as well as Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Chile, J.C.
Mercantile Stores Company, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1914
Mercantile Stores Company, Inc., a traditional department store retailer, operates over 100 primarily fashion apparel…
Schottenstein Stores Corp.
Active · founded 1917
In its third generation under family management, Schottenstein Stores Corp.
Harcourt General, Inc.
Renamed · founded 1919
Through its core publishing arm, Harcourt General, Inc.
Proffitt's, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1919
Under the dynamic leadership of R.
R.H. Macy & Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1919
R.H.
Saks Inc.
Active · founded 1919
Saks Inc., formerly Proffitt's, Inc., is one of the largest operators of department stores in the United States.
Solo Serve Corporation
Active · founded 1919
Solo Serve Corporation is a Texas-based chain of off-priced or discount retail stores offering a wide array of…
Tokyu Department Store Co., Ltd.
Active · founded 1919 · Japan
Tokyu Department Store Co., Ltd.
Karstadt Quelle AG
Defunct · founded 1920 · Germany
Karstadt Quelle AG is the product of the 1999 merger between German retail powerhouse Karstadt Aktiengesellschaft and…
Takashimaya Company, Limited
Active · founded 1920 · Japan
Takashimaya Company, Limited is the oldest and one of the largest department store retailers in Japan.
Coles Myer Ltd.
Defunct · founded 1921 · Australia
Coles Myer Ltd.
Kaufring AG
Active · founded 1921 · Germany
Kaufring AG is the leading German wholesale organization for mid-sized independent department stores and special…
Fred Meyer Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1923
Fred Meyer Stores, Inc.
Burdines, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1925 · United States
Burdines, Inc., a subsidiary of Federated Department Stores, operates more than 50 upscale department stores, providing…
Federated Department Stores, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1929
With over 400 department stores in 33 states and a burgeoning direct-to-customer retail business, Federated Department…
The Bon-Ton Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1929
The Bon Ton Stores, Inc.
Isetan Company Limited
Active · founded 1930 · Japan
Isetan Company Limited is one of Japan's leading department store companies, particularly noted for its merchandising…
Bhs plc
Active · founded 1933 · England
Known for more than 50 years as British Home Stores, Bhs plc ranks among the United Kingdom's largest department store…
Fleury Michon S.A.
Active · founded 1934 · France
Located in the Vendée, in the northwestern region of France, Fleury Michon S.A.
Gruppo Coin S.p.A.
Active · founded 1934 · Italy
Based in Italy, Gruppo Coin S.p.A.
Michael C. Fina Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1935
Michael C.
Marui Company Ltd.
Active · founded 1937 · Japan
Marui Company Ltd.
Jacobson Stores Inc.
Active · founded 1939
Jacobson Stores Inc.
El Corte Inglés Group
Active · founded 1940 · Spain
El Corte Inglés, S.A.
Kesko Ltd. (Kesko Oy)
Active · founded 1940 · Finland
The largest trading company in Finland, Kesko Ltd.
Army and Air Force Exchange Service
Active · founded 1941
The Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) is a government agency within the Department of Defense that operates…
Sears Roebuck de México, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1945 · Mexico
Sears Roebuck de México, S.A.
Navy Exchange Service Command
Active · founded 1946
The Navy Exchange Service Command (NEXCOM) operates various types of retail outlets for the benefits of Naval…
Hankyu Department Stores, Inc.
Active · founded 1947 · Japan
Hankyu Department Stores, Inc.
Hennes & Mauritz AB
Active · founded 1947 · Sweden
With more than 550 stores in 12 countries across Europe, Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) has quickly become one of the…
Mervyn's California
Active · founded 1949
Mervyn's California, owned by retail giant Target Corporation, operates 267 department stores in 14 states.
Caldor Inc.
Active · founded 1951
Caldor Inc.
G.I. Joe's, Inc.
Active · founded 1952
A regional retailer with a unique merchandise mix, G.I.
SPAR Handels AG
Active · founded 1952 · Germany
SPAR Handels AG is Germany's seventh largest company active in grocery wholesale and retail with a market share of…
FNAC
Active · founded 1954 · France
The FNAC chain of retail stores is France's leading purveyor of what the company refers to as "cultural goods." The…
The Seiyu, Ltd.
Active · founded 1956 · Japan
The Seiyu, Ltd.
Hills Stores Company
Active · founded 1957
A pioneer in the discount store industry, Hills Stores Company is the eighth-largest general merchandise discount…
Pubco Corporation
Active · founded 1958
Pubco Corporation is a diversified company with an unusual mix of interests.
Bradlees Discount Department Store Company
Active · founded 1961
The Bradlees Discount Department Store Company is a leading discount retailer in the Northeast.
Ames Department Stores, Inc.
Defunct · founded 1962
Ames Department Stores, Inc.
Dillard's Inc.
Active · founded 1964
Based in Little Rock, Arkansas, and located throughout suburbs and secondary markets in 24 states in the South,…
Dylex Limited
Active · founded 1967 · Canada
One of the leading specialty retailers in Canada, Dylex Limited operates five retail chains that cater to distinct…
Stein Mart Inc.
Active · founded 1968
Stein Mart Inc.
Dayton Hudson Corporation
Active · founded 1969
Dayton Hudson Corporation operates the well-known Target discount stores, Mervyn's moderately priced retail stores, and…
New World Development Company Limited
Active · founded 1970 · Hong Kong
Since its founding in 1970, New World Development Company Limited has been a leader in Hong Kong's bustling commercial…
Venture Stores Inc.
Active · founded 1970
Venture Stores Inc.
Uny Co., Ltd.
Active · founded 1971 · Japan
Early 20th century:[fs54]Choju Nishikawaya opens a footwear store in Nudge, the largest city in Chubu.
Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corporation
Active · founded 1972
Indeed, success continued into the late 1990s due in part to the company's diversification efforts and its aggressive…
Pinault-Printemps-Redoute S.A.
Active · founded 1972 · France
Pinault-Printemps-Redoute S.A.
TVI, Inc.
Active · founded 1972
TVI, Inc.
GIB Group
Active · founded 1974 · Belgium
GIB Group, Belgium's top retailer, is active in four sectors: supermarkets and hypermarkets; do-it-yourself (DIY) home…
Les Boutiques San Francisco, Inc.
Active · founded 1978 · Canada
Les Boutiques San Francisco, Inc.
Grupo Carso, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1980 · Mexico
Grupo Carso, S.A.
Wal-Mart de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1984 · Mexico
Wal-Mart de Mexico, S.A.
Storehouse PLC
Active · founded 1986 · United Kingdom
With its British Home Stores (Bhs) and Mothercare chains, Storehouse PLC ranks among the United Kingdom's top ten…
The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
The name Neiman Marcus is practically synonymous with upscale retailing in the United States.
Kohl's Corporation
Active · founded 1988
Kohl's Corporation is one of the largest discount department store chains in the United States, with more than 230…
Metro AG
Active · founded 1996 · Germany
One of the largest retailers in the world, Metro AG is a Düsseldorf-based holding company formed through the 1996…
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