SIC

Commercial Banking (pt)

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

172companies1727–2000founding years162still active8no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1857
EconomyThe Panic of 1857 spreads through banks and railroads.
1873
EconomyThe Panic of 1873 triggers a global depression.
1893
EconomyThe Panic of 1893 pulls down banks and overbuilt railroads.
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

ABN AMRO Holding, N.V.
Active · The Netherlands
Rooted in 19th-century Dutch East Indies trade, ABN AMRO Holding, NV has grown into a major international bank with…
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA
Active · Italy
1467: The first monte di pieta (nonprofit bank), designed to end usury by providing low interest loans, is created.
Deutsche Post AG
Active · Germany
The Deutsche Post AG is the largest provider of postal services in Europe.
Old Mutual PLC
Active · United Kingdom
Old Mutual PLC has shrugged off nearly 150 years as an almost exclusively South African financial services business,…
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
Active · founded 1727 · United Kingdom
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ranks as the leading Scotland-based banking group and the number three bank in the…
Bank of Ireland
Active · founded 1783 · Ireland
The Bank of Ireland is the oldest bank in Ireland.
FleetBoston Financial Corporation
Defunct · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
State Street Corporation
Active · founded 1792
State Street Corporation is a bank holding company conducting business principally through its subsidiary State Street…
Citigroup Inc.
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG
Active · founded 1819 · Austria
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG has broken out of the tiny Austrian banking market to become one of…
The Bank of Nova Scotia
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
Active · founded 1835 · Australia
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) is the second largest of the "Big Four" banks in Australia,…
National Bank of Greece
Active · founded 1841 · Greece
National Bank of Greece (NBG) has been a focal point of Greek business and financial life almost from the time it…
Boatmen's Bancshares Inc.
Active · founded 1847
Boatmen's Bancshares Inc.
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation
Active · founded 1847
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation is the holding corporation for a major Midwest bank, M&I Bank.
The Woolwich plc
Active · founded 1847 · United Kingdom
The Woolwich plc is one of the United Kingdom's leading financial services providers, with over £30 billion in assets.
The Associated Press
Active · founded 1848
The Associated Press (AP) describes itself as the largest newsgathering organization in the world.
Emigrant Savings Bank
Active · founded 1850
Paul Milstein, along with his sons Howard and Edward, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in 2000 seeking to remove Philip…
Westpac Banking Corporation
Active · founded 1850 · Australia
Westpac Banking Corporation is one of the four main banks in Australia along with competitors National Australia Bank,…
Banknorth Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1852
One of the 30 largest commercial banking companies in the United States, Banknorth Group, Inc.
Firstar Corporation
Active · founded 1853
Firstar Corporation is among the leading bank corporations in the United States, with a particularly dominant market…
Société du Louvre
Defunct · founded 1855 · France
Société du Louvre does not run that Paris museum, but its properties are almost as distinguished.
Credit Suisse Group
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Northern Rock plc
Defunct · founded 1860 · England
Former building society Northern Rock plc is one of the United Kingdom's largest retail banks, and the largest…
Apple Bank for Savings
Active · founded 1863
Under the new chief executive, William J.
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
Active · founded 1863 · United Kingdom
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
Crédit Lyonnais
Active · founded 1863 · France
As one of France's three largest banks with assets of EUR 200 billion, Crédit Lyonnais provides a full range of…
First Tennessee National Corporation
Active · founded 1864
One of the 50 largest bank holding companies in the United States, First Tennessee National Corporation has provided…
Lloyds TSB Group plc
Active · founded 1865 · United Kingdom
Lloyds TSB Group plc is one of the Big Four British clearing banks in the United Kingdom.
Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company
Active · founded 1867
Jacob Leinenkugel Brewing Company is a prominent regional and specialty beer brewer.
HVB Group
Active · founded 1869 · Germany
Early 1920s:BV allies itself with Bayerische Handelsbank AG.
Union Planters Corporation
Defunct · founded 1869
With more than $34 billion in assets, Memphis-based Union Planters Corporation is Tennessee's largest bank holding…
Comerica Incorporated
Active · founded 1871
Comerica Incorporated is a multi-state financial services company based in Detroit.
Dresdner Bank A.G.
Active · founded 1872 · Germany
The third largest bank in Germany and one of the leading international banks in Europe, Dresdner Bank A.G.
Heidelberger Zement AG
Active · founded 1873 · Germany
Heidelberger Zement AG is one of the world's five largest producers of construction materials.
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
Active · founded 1876 · Japan
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) was formed from the 2001 merger of Sumitomo Bank and Sakura Bank--Sakura was…
Vorwerk & Co.
Active · founded 1883 · Germany
For more than 100 years, Vorwerk & Co.
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Active · founded 1884 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Allianz AG
Active · founded 1890 · Germany
Once known primarily as a German insurance company, Allianz AG has grown to become one of the world's leading financial…
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband is Switzerland's second-largest food products retailer, behind fellow cooperative…
Julius Baer Holding AG
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
The leading independent private bank in Switzerland, Julius Baer Holding AG has come to epitomize the Swiss banking…
General Electric Company
Active · founded 1892
The history of General Electric Company is a significant part of the history of technology in the United States.
Banco de Chile
Active · founded 1893 · Chile
Banco de Chile is the second largest private bank in Chile and the largest that remains under Chilean ownership.
Popular, Inc.
Active · founded 1893
Popular, Inc.
Barclays plc
Active · founded 1896 · United Kingdom
With a rich history dating back almost 300 years, Barclays plc has grown into one of the largest financial services…
Herman Goelitz, Inc.
Active · founded 1898
Herman Goelitz, Inc.
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M.
Renamed · founded 1902 · Israel
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M., Israel's second-largest bank, has its origins in the modern Zionist movement of the late…
Dr. August Oetker KG
Active · founded 1902 · Germany
Dr.
The King Arthur Flour Company
Active · founded 1904
The King Arthur Flour Company celebrates its 210th anniversary in the year 2000.
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
Active · founded 1905
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
Fifth Third Bancorp
Active · founded 1908
Based in Cincinnati, Ohio, Fifth Third Bancorp is a holding company that operates 12 banking affiliates, managed…
Blue Diamond Growers
Active · founded 1910
Blue Diamond Growers is the world's largest tree nut marketer and also ranks as one of the largest agricultural…
State Financial Services Corporation
Active · founded 1910
State Financial Services Corporation is the holding company for State Financial Bank, a growing bank centered in…
Hartmarx Corporation
Active · founded 1911
Hartmarx Corporation is a holding company for a number of clothing companies, including its flagship brands of men's…
Bank of China
Active · founded 1912 · China
Bank of China (BOC) is that country's oldest bank, and also one of its four largest banks, with assets of more than…
The Lane Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1912
The Lane Co., Inc.
UBS AG
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA
Active · founded 1913 · Italy
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA (BNL) is Italy's fifth-largest bank and one of the top 100 banks in the world with total…
Schott Brothers, Inc.
Active · founded 1913
Schott Brothers, Inc.
Lutheran Brotherhood
Active · founded 1917
Lutheran Brotherhood is the second-largest fraternal benefit society in the United States.
Bank of East Asia Ltd.
Active · founded 1918 · Hong Kong
One of Hong Kong's oldest Chinese-owned banks, Bank of East Asia Ltd.
The Daiwa Bank, Ltd.
Active · founded 1918 · Japan
Following a 1995 scandal in its New York branch office that resulted in a massive fine and a ban on operating in the…
Shionogi & Co., Ltd.
Active · founded 1919 · Japan
Shionogi & Co., Ltd., ranks among Japan's leading developers, producers, and exporters of pharmaceuticals.
Bank Hapoalim B.M.
Active · founded 1921 · Israel
Bank Hapoalim B.M.
State Bank of India
Active · founded 1921 · India
State Bank of India (SBI) is that country's largest commercial bank.
DEPFA BANK PLC
Active · founded 1922 · Ireland
DEPFA BANK PLC (Depfa) is one of the world's leading public sector financing banks.
Zatarain's, Inc.
Active · founded 1922
Zatarain's, Inc., is a leading producer of rice mixes.
Amalgamated Bank
Active · founded 1923
Also in 1998, Amalgamated acquired an 81 percent stake in the First Trade Union Trust Company.
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Active · founded 1923
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company (ADM) is one of the world's leading processors and distributors of agricultural products…
TCF Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1923
TCF Financial Corporation, a financial holding company that compares itself to large successful retailers instead of…
Advance Publications Inc.
Active · founded 1924
Family owned and operated, Advance Publications Inc.
Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
Active · founded 1924 · Turkey
Few banks can be as closely identified with the development of their country as Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
Weis Markets, Inc.
Active · founded 1924
Weis Markets, Inc.
The Sumitomo Trust & Banking Company, Ltd.
Active · founded 1925 · Japan
The Sumitomo Trust & Banking Company, Ltd., a member of the Sumitomo keiretsu or group of companies, operates as an…
Rayonier Inc.
Active · founded 1926
Rayonier Inc.
U.S. Bancorp
Active · founded 1929
U.S.
AMETEK, Inc.
Active · founded 1930
AMETEK, Inc.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Active · founded 1931
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Porsche AG
Active · founded 1931 · Germany
Porsche AG is legendary for its innovative and beautiful automobile designs.
Value Line, Inc.
Active · founded 1931
Value Line, Inc.
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Active · founded 1932 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Besnier SA
Active · founded 1933 · France
Besnier SA is France's largest dairy products producer and one of the largest dairy products producers in Europe.
Hang Seng Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1933 · Hong Kong
As Hang Seng entered the new century, its role within HSBC's regional ambitions became more clear, as HSBC targeted the…
United Overseas Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1935 · Singapore
United Overseas Bank Ltd.
London Scottish Bank plc
Active · founded 1936 · United Kingdom
London Scottish Bank plc (LSB) is one of the United Kingdom's leading providers of credit to the "sub-prime"…
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Renamed · founded 1939
Neuberger Berman Inc.
World's Finest Chocolate Inc.
Active · founded 1939
World's Finest Chocolate Inc.
Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K.
Active · founded 1942 · Japan
c.
Abbey National plc
Defunct · founded 1944 · United Kingdom
In the short time that it has been a publicly traded company, Abbey National plc has grown into one of Britain's…
Jos. A. Bank Clothiers, Inc.
Active · founded 1945
Jos.
Kaman Corp.
Active · founded 1945
Kaman Corp.
Sub-Zero Freezer Co., Inc.
Active · founded 1945
Sub-Zero Freezer Co., Inc., is the leading manufacturer of built-in refrigerators, which can be fronted with cabinetry…
Iams Company
Active · founded 1946
Iams Company is a manufacturer of premium dog and cat foods which are distributed only through veterinarians, animal…
World Bank Group
Active · founded 1946
The World Bank Group, created towards the end of World War II, provides loans, soft loans, and guarantees for…
Cumberland Packing Corporation
Active · founded 1947
Cumberland Packing Corporation is a relatively small, family-run business, yet it has been a major player in the…
Dal-Tile International Inc.
Active · founded 1947
Dal-Tile International Inc.
Johnston Industries, Inc.
Active · founded 1948
Although it got its start selling auto replacement parts, Johnston Industries, Inc.
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.)
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
Consorcio G Grupo Dina, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1951 · Mexico
Consorcio G Grupo Dina , S.A.
Bayer A.G.
Active · founded 1952 · Germany
Bayer A.G., along with BASF and Hoechst, is heir to the German chemical cartel known as I.G.
UnionBanCal Corporation
Active · founded 1952
San Francisco-based UnionBanCal Corporation is a commercial bank holding company that was incorporated in California in…
WD-40 Company
Active · founded 1953
Since the 1950s, the San Diego-based WD-40 Company has dominated the U.S.
Dover Corporation
Active · founded 1955
Dover Corporation is a diversified industrial manufacturing holding company composed of about 50 subsidiaries with…
Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1955
With assets of more than $950 million, Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
Renault Argentina S.A.
Active · founded 1955 · Argentina
Of Argentina's ten automakers, almost all are closely held subsidiaries or affiliates of their American, European, or…
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
Zions Bancorporation
Active · founded 1955
Through its various subsidiaries, the Salt Lake City-based Zions Bancorporation provides a full range of banking and…
PT Bank Buana Indonesia Tbk
Active · founded 1956 · Indonesia
Bank Buana once again began preparations for its public listing at the end of the 1990s.
Commerzbank A.G.
Active · founded 1958 · Germany
Commerzbank A.G.
European Investment Bank
Active · founded 1958 · L-2950 Luxembourg
As the primary financial arm of the European Union, the European Investment Bank (EIB) is also the world's largest bank…
Wachovia Corporation
Active · founded 1958
The new Wachovia Corporation was formed from the September 2001 merger of First Union Corporation and Wachovia…
Malayan Banking Berhad
Active · founded 1960 · Malaysia
Malayan Banking Berhad is the holding company overseeing Malaysia's largest bank, Maybank and a range of financial…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Kookmin Bank
Defunct · founded 1962 · South Korea
Kookmin Bank is not only South Korea's leading commercial bank, it is also a driving force behind the much-needed…
Marie Callender's Restaurant & Bakery, Inc.
Active · founded 1964
Marie Callender's Restaurant & Bakery, Inc.
National Picture & Frame Company
Active · founded 1964
National Picture & Frame Company is a major designer, manufacturer, and marketer of a wide variety of low-priced…
American Express Company
Active · founded 1965
American Express Company, a multibillion-dollar holding company whose subsidiaries provide travel and financial…
Ruth's Chris Steak House
Active · founded 1965
Ruth's Chris Steak House is an international chain of upscale restaurants.
BNP Paribas Group
Active · founded 1966 · France
BNP Paribas Group is the fruit of the 1999 merger between two of France's most influential banking groups, the…
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd.
Active · founded 1966 · Thailand
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd.
Peet's Coffee & Tea, Inc.
Active · founded 1966
Founded in Berkeley, California, in the mid-1960s, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Inc.
Ceradyne, Inc.
Active · founded 1967
Ceradyne, Inc.
Banca Fideuram SpA
Active · founded 1968 · Italy
Banca Fideuram SpA is Italy's leading assets management and investment banking group, with more than EUR 58 billion in…
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1969 · Australia
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Offshore Logistics, Inc.
Active · founded 1969
Offshore Logistics, Inc., with headquarters in Lafayette, Louisiana, provides a variety of services to the petroleum…
Standard Chartered plc
Active · founded 1969 · United Kingdom
Standard Chartered plc operates as the leading emerging markets bank in the world.
Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale
Defunct · founded 1969 · Germany
Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale--WestLB for short--is a major force in the German economy and a strong competitor…
Hibernia Corporation
Active · founded 1972
Hibernia Corporation, headquartered in New Orleans, is a holding company initially formed to serve as the parent…
Rabobank Group
Active · founded 1972 · The Netherlands
Rabobank Group, known in the Netherlands as Coöperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank, is the third-largest…
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB
Active · founded 1972 · Sweden
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB operates as the parent company of the SEB Group, a North European banking concern…
Synovus Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Desc, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1973 · Mexico
Desc, S.A.
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A.
Active · founded 1973 · Chile
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A.
The Yankee Candle Company, Inc.
Active · founded 1973
The Yankee Candle Company Inc.
Advanta Corporation
Active · founded 1974
Advanta Corporation originates, services, and sells small business credit card and home equity loans.
The Summit Bancorporation
Active · founded 1974
The Summit Bancorporation is the holding company for Summit Bank, New Jersey's fourth largest bank.
Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile
Active · founded 1976 · Chile
: 212234 Copper Ore & Nickel Ore Mining; 331411 Primary Smelting & Refining of Copper Ore The state-owned Corporacion…
The Really Useful Group
Active · founded 1977 · United Kingdom
The Really Useful Group is the umbrella corporation over a welter of entertainment and leisure companies that operate…
Riklis Family Corp.
Active · founded 1980
Riklis Family Corp.
Hanmi Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1982
Hanmi Financial Corporation is the largest Korean-American bank in the Los Angeles area, boasting assets of nearly $3…
Nimbus CD International, Inc.
Active · founded 1982
In the mid-1990s Nimbus CD International, Inc.
Grameen Bank
Active · founded 1983 · Bangladesh
Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus pioneered the concept of 'micro-credit'--minuscule loans to the very poor.
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Active · founded 1983
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Altera Corporation
Active · founded 1984
Founded in 1983, Altera Corporation is a leading maker of high-density programmable logic devices (PLDs), based on…
Novellus Systems, Inc.
Active · founded 1984
Based in San Jose, California, Novellus Systems, Inc.
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Active · founded 1984
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
American Classic Voyages Company
Active · founded 1985
American Classic Voyages Company is parent company to two pleasure cruise companies, the Delta Queen Steamboat Company,…
Banco Comercial Português, SA
Active · founded 1985 · Portugal
Banco Comercial Português, SA (BCP) is Portugal's largest financial institution.
Carolina First Corporation
Active · founded 1986
As North Carolina's larger banks began to acquire South Carolina banks in the mid-1980s, Carolina First Corporation was…
Granite State Bankshares, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Granite State Bankshares, Inc.
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc.
Back Yard Burgers, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
Back Yard Burgers, Inc.
Svenska Handelsbanken AB
Active · founded 1987 · Sweden
In its infancy, Svenska Handelsbanken AB was a small bank, with operations confined to the city of Stockholm.
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
Active · founded 1988 · Spain
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
WFS Financial Inc.
Active · founded 1988
WFS Financial Inc.
Brightpoint, Inc.
Active · founded 1989
Brightpoint, Inc.
Danske Bank Aktieselskab
Active · founded 1990 · Denmark
Danske Bank Aktieselskab is the largest banking group in Denmark and among the three largest in Scandinavia.
Rooms To Go Inc.
Active · founded 1990
Rooms To Go Inc., a low- to mid-priced furniture store chain, has rapidly expanded to more than 60 stores since opening…
Sberbank
Active · founded 1991 · Russia
Sberbank is Russia's oldest and largest bank.
IBERIABANK Corporation
Active · founded 1995
IBERIABANK Corporation has 25 branches in the New Iberia/Lafayette area of south central Louisiana, ten in northeast…
Footstar, Incorporated
Active · founded 1996
Footstar, Incorporated is a holding company whose two subsidiaries, Footaction and Meldisco, are leading shoe retailers…
FöreningsSparbanken AB
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
FöreningsSparbanken AB (FS-banken) is one of Sweden's leading banks and one of the largest banking groups in the Nordic…
Nordea AB
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
First off the starting block among pan-European banking mergers--a trend expected to boom in the early years of the…
Bank One Corporation
Active · founded 1998
Chicago-based Bank One Corporation formed in 1998 through the merger of Banc One Corporation, headquartered in…
Irish Life & Permanent Plc
Active · founded 1998 · Ireland
That announcement provided Irish Permanent's Douglas with the opening to propose a new merger between his company and…
Sanpaolo IMI S.p.A.
Defunct · founded 1998 · Italy
1539: The Sacro Monte di Pieta is founded.
Weatherford International, Inc.
Active · founded 1998
Houston-based Weatherford International, Inc.
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Active · founded 1999 · Spain
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
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